Global Warming: Plants and Animals
 
  • On average, global temperatures have risen about 0.6° Celsius over the past 100 years (Rising Temperatures Spur Biological Chaos)
  • Winter temperatures have increased more than the summer, starting the growing season sooner.
  • This slight increase is already causing problems for many different species
  • Think about what kind of impact temperature could have on species if the prediction of an
     increase of 6° Celsius by 2100 came true
              (Root)

     
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Possible Effects on Species
There are four types of change in species’ traits that could occur due to global warming:

  • Density of species may change at given locations, and the ranges of species may shift either poleward or up in elevation as species move to occupy areas similar to temperatures in their original habitats
  • Because many natural history traits of species are triggered by temperature related cues, changes could occur in phenology
  • Changes in morphology, such as body size and behavior, may occur
  • Genetic frequencies may shift
    (Root)
  •  

        Distribution
            Certain species are already moving to new locations to stay in their normal temperature range. As these
         animals begin to move north, they often invade ecosystems that they are not a part of.  They do not have        
         population limiting factors (such as predators) to keep them in check.  Without limitations, they out-compete
         native species for food and space.

    Slideshow

     

        Changes in Phenology
       
        Species of both animals and plants are reacting to warmer temperatures by changes in phenology, or the
        timing of certain life processes such as blooming, breeding, and migration.

             The website
    Nature's Calendar also provides many interesting bits of information about phenology changes in
        the UK collected and reported by everyday people as well as recognized scientists.

    Slideshow

     

    Out of Sync
        Plant and animal species respond differently to the higher temperatures that they are experiencing.  Because of their different timing adjustments, many species that interact with each other are getting out of sync.

    Slideshow

     

    Effects of Higher Temperatures in General
       
    Temperatures affect phenology and range, but the higher temperatures themselves have some negative effects in general on certain species that are sensitive to such changes.

    Slideshow

     

    Animal Preserves
       
    Animal preserves are encountering the same problems the rest of the globe is having with warming temperatures. The climates of these preserves are changing and may eventually be unsuitable living conditions for the species that are protected by them.  Where will these animals go?

     

    Relocation of People
       
    If the prediction in Gore’s book, An Inconvenient Truth, is correct, rising sea levels will force people out of their homes near coastlines.  When/if this happens, there will be less space for animals to migrate to, causing more survival problems for them.

     

     

     

    Implications
     
       I've been thinking a lot about what this information means to me.  If this trend continues, many of the animals that we enjoy watching will leave our area for places that are closer their ideal habitats.  During the fall, I usually go deer hunting with my brother and cousin and this time seems to be sort of a bonding experience.  If the deer move from our area because it is no longer suitable, I will lose that time I have with both my family and nature.  Hopefully the deer will manage to adapt somehow and will not be one of the many species expected to die out because of all of these changes.  It seems that we take for granted the wildlife that we see everyday, like the birds and squirrels.  It's hard to imagine walking through campus without watching the squirrels dancing around looking for food.  I know it probably sounds unbelievable, but if the geese were to no longer nest here on campus, I think we would all miss them.  They really aren't that bad to watch when they aren't angry and hissing at you.

    Works Cited

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    Jensen, Mari N. “Climate Warming Shakes Up Species”.  Bioscience, Aug
    2004, Vol. 54 Issue 8.
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    “Rising Temperatures Spur Biological Chaos”.  USA Today Magazine, Jun
    2003, Vol. 131, Issue 2697.
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    Root, Terry L.  “Fingerprints of Global Warming on Wild Animals and

    Plants”.  Nature;1/2/2003, Vol. 421 Issue 6918, p57, 4p.
    ü
    Tangley, Laura.  “Out of Sync”.  Apr/May 2005, Vol. 43, Issue 3.

     

    Images

    Lobster:http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=2160&rendTypeId=4
    Sockeye Salmon: http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=65380&rendTypeId=4
    Coral Reefs: http://www.chbr.noaa.gov/categories/raim/images/coral_01.jpg
    Ash: http://www.lynnellen.co.uk/ash.jpg
    Oak: http://raider.muc.edu/Organizations/apo/oaktree.jpg
    Red Squirrel: http://www.lake-district.gov.uk/understanding_-_wildlife_squirrel.jpg
    Loggerhead Sea Turtle: http://www.nmfs.vt.edu/seaturtlewebsite/TurtleJE2_Big.jpg
    Prothotonary Warbler: http://chandra.as.utexas.edu/~kormendy/prothonotary.jpg
    Red Winged Blackbird: http://www.johnsonmill.com/images/Red-Winged%20Blackbird%201.jpg
    Mexican Jay: http://fireflyforest.net/images/firefly/2006/April/Mexican-Jays-2.jpg
    American Robin: http://www.coffeecreekwc.org/photos/birds/American_Robin.jpg
    Sea Star: http://www.reefseekers.com/PIXPAGES/Yap-Palau%20'04/Necklace_sea_star.jpg
    American Alligator: http://www.saltgrassflats.com/images/anahuac_alligator_03a.jpg
    Butterfly: http://www.trickstutorials.com/images/monarch_butterfly.jpg
    Bighorn Sheep: http://www.fanweb.ca/cheviot/images/Bighorn-Sheep-ram-portrait_600.jpg
    American Pika: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/graphics/2003/08/21/wwarm121.jpeg